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This first one is intriguing, with the photos stitched in place on it. At least it looks to me like they are stitched on.
My initial inclination would be to print the photo onto fabric but I like the contrast in texture with the paper print.
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The other three pieces are even more intriguing--they are made using chestnut skins. From what I can tell, the skins are cut into shapes and stitched down to the fabric.
They're combined with other embroidery stitches, ribbon embroidery, and photos to make really interesting pieces. The chestnut skins have a bit of a sheen and are somewhat similar to the photo paper. I have no idea what the very shiny material is in the red picture
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As in most places, there is at least the perception that women no longer have time to stitch. However, my friend indicated that there was a needlework shop there--in an area where there weren't too many shops. It is an undeveloped region, but needlework is something they did have.
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If you know anything about this type of work, please let us know!